2 Samuel 10:19

Authorized King James Version

And when all the kings that were servants to Hadarezer saw that they were smitten before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them. So the Syrians feared to help the children of Ammon any more.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּרְא֨וּ
H7200
saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#2
כָֽל
H3605
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#3
הַמְּלָכִ֜ים
H4428
And when all the kings
a king
#4
עַבְדֵ֣י
H5650
that were servants
a servant
#5
הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר
H1928
to Hadarezer
hadarezer, a syrian king, possibly a royal title
#6
כִּ֤י
H3588
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#7
נִגְּפוּ֙
H5062
that they were smitten
to push, gore, defeat, stub (the toe), inflict (a disease)
#8
לִפְנֵ֣י
H6440
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#9
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל
H3478
Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#10
וַיַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ
H7999
they made peace
to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate
#11
אֶת
H854
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
#12
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל
H3478
Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#13
וַיַּֽעַבְד֑וּם
H5647
and served
to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc
#14
וַיִּֽרְא֣וּ
H3372
feared
to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten
#15
אֲרָ֔ם
H758
them So the Syrians
aram or syria, and its inhabitants; also the name of the son of shem, a grandson of nahor, and of an israelite
#16
לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ
H3467
to help
properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e., (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor
#17
ע֖וֹד
H5750
properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more
#18
אֶת
H853
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#19
בְּנֵ֥י
H1121
the children
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#20
עַמּֽוֹן׃
H5983
of Ammon
ammon, a son of lot; also his posterity and their country

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 2 Samuel. The concept of peace reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 2 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes peace in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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